Sanqi's References

  Thanks to Mr Zhang Zuming from Taiwan,China who provides us the following abundant and wonderful metarials about Sanqi(notoginseng).

1.Chung VQ, Tattersall M, Cheung HT.(2004)Interactions of a herbal combination that inhibits growth of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2004 May;53(5):384-90

2.Li L, Zhang JL, Sheng YX, Ye G, Guo HZ, Guo DA. (2004)Liquid chromatographic method for determinationof four active saponins from Panax notoginseng in rat urine using solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2004 Sep 5;808(2):177-83.

3.Liu JC, Cheng TH, Lee HM, Lee WS, Shih NL, Chen YL, Chen JJ, Chan P. (2004)Inhibitory effect of trilinolein on angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Jan 19;484(1):1-8.

4.Liu JC, Chan P, Chen JJ, Lee HM, Lee WS, Shih NL, Chen YL, Hong HJ, Cheng TH. (2004)The inhibitory effect of trilinolein on norepinephrine-induced beta-myosin heavy chain promoter activity, reactive oxygen species generation, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. J Biomed Sci. 2004 Jan-Feb;11(1):11-8.

5.Sun HX, Pan HJ, Pan YJ.(2003)Haemolytic activities and immunologic adjuvant effect of Panax notoginseng saponins. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2003 Nov;24(11):1150-4.

6.Lin CF, Wong KL, Wu RS, Huang TC, Liu CF.(2003) Protection by hot water extract of Panax notoginseng on chronic ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Phytother Res. 2003 Nov;17(9):1119-22.

7.Lau AJ, Woo SO, Koh HL.(2003)Analysis of saponins in raw and steamed Panax notoginseng using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. J Chromatogr A. 2003 Sep 5;1011(1-2):77-87.

8.Shi X, Zhao F, Dai X, Dong X, Fang J, Yang H. (2003)Effects of san qi on gastric secretion and protective factors of gastric mucosa in the rat with precancerous lesion of stomach. J Tradit Chin Med. 2003 Sep;23(3):220-4.

9.Du Q, Jerz G, Waibel R, Winterhalter P.(2003)Isolation of dammarane saponins from Panax notoginseng by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 2003 Aug 8;1008(2):173-80.

10.Dong TT, Cui XM, Song ZH, Zhao KJ, Ji ZN, Lo CK, Tsim KW.(2003)Chemical Assessment of Roots of Panax notoginseng in China: Regional and Seasonal Variations in Its Active Constituents. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Jul 30;51(16):4617-4623.

11.Yoshikawa M, Morikawa T, Kashima Y, Ninomiya K, Matsuda H.(2003) Structures of new dammarane-type Triterpene Saponins from the flower buds of Panax notoginseng and hepatoprotective effects of principal Ginseng Saponins. J Nat Prod. 2003 Jul;66(7):922-7.

12.Xu QF, Fang XL, Chen DF.(2003) Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 from Panax notoginseng in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Feb;84(2-3):187-92.

13.Cicero AF, Vitale G, Savino G, Arletti R.(2003) Panax notoginseng (Burk.) effects on fibrinogen and lipid plasma level in rats fed on a high-fat diet. Phytother Res. 2003 Feb;17(2):174-8.

14.Kite GC, Howes MJ, Leon CJ, Simmonds MS.(2003) Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of malonyl-ginsenosides in the authentication of ginseng. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2003;17(3):238-44.

15.Chan P, Thomas GN, Tomlinson B.(2002) Protective effects of trilinolein extracted from Panax notoginseng against cardiovascular disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2002 Dec;23(12):1157-62.

16.Tohda C, Matsumoto N, Zou K, Meselhy MR, Komatsu K.(2002) Axonal and dendritic extension by protopanaxadiol-type saponins from ginseng drugs in SK-N-SH cells. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2002 Nov;90(3):254-62.

17.Lam SK, Ng TB.(2002) Pananotin, a potent antifungal protein from roots of the traditional chinese medicinal herb Panax notoginseng . Planta Med. 2002 Nov;68(11):1024-8.

18.Lam SK, Ng TB.(2002) A xylanase from roots of sanchi ginseng ( Panax notoginseng ) with inhibitory effects on human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase. Life Sci. 2002 May 10;70(25):3049-58.

19.Yang F, Du Y.(2002) Synthesis of oligosaccharide derivatives related to those from sanqi, a Chinese herbal medicine from Panax notoginseng . Carbohydr Res. 2002 Mar 15;337(6):485-91.

20.Li W, Fitzloff JF.(2001) A validated method for quantitative determination of saponins in notoginseng ( Panax notoginseng ) using high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2001 Dec;53(12):1637-43.

21.Yoshikawa M, Morikawa T, Yashiro K, Murakami T, Matsuda H.(2001) Bioactive saponins and glycosides. XIX. Notoginseng (3): immunological adjuvant activity of notoginsenosides and related saponins: structures of notoginsenosides-L, -M, and -N from the roots of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2001 Nov;49(11):1452-6.

22.Lam SK, Ng TB.(2001)Isolation of a novel thermolabile heterodimeric ribonuclease with antifungal and antiproliferative activities from roots of the sanchi ginseng Panax notoginseng . Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Jul 13;285(2):419-23.

23.White CM, Fan C, Song J, Tsikouris JP, Chow M.(2001)An evaluation of the hemostatic effects of hydrophilic, alcohol, and lipophilic extracts of notoginseng. Pharmacotherapy. 2001 Jul;21(7):773-7.

24.Lam SK, Ng TB.(2001)Isolation of a small chitinase-like antifungal protein from Panax notoginseng (sanchi ginseng) roots. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2001 Mar;33(3):287-92.

25.Chen FD, Wu MC, Wang HE, Hwang JJ, Hong CY, Huang YT, Yen SH, Ou YH.(2001)Sensitization of a tumor, but not normal tissue, to the cytotoxic effect of ionizing radiation using Panax notoginseng extract . Am J Chin Med. 2001;29(3-4):517-24.

26.Chen JC, Chen LD, Tsauer W, Tsai CC, Chen BC, Chen YJ.(2001)Effects of Ginsenoside Rb2 and Rc on inferior human sperm motility in vitro. Am J Chin Med. 2001;29(1):155-60.

27.Kwan CY, Kwan TK.(2000)Effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2000 Dec;21(12):1101-5

28.White CM, Fan C, Chow M.(2000)An evaluation of the hemostatic effect of externally applied notoginseng and notoginseng total saponins. J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Oct;40(10):1150-3.

29.Fushimi H, Komatsu K, Namba T, Isobe M.(2000)Genetic heterogeneity of ribosomal RNA gene and matK gene in Panax notoginseng . Planta Med. 2000 Oct;66(7):659-61.

30.Hsieh MT, Peng WH, Wu CR, Wang WH.(2000)The ameliorating effects of the cognitive-enhancing Chinese herbs on scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats. Phytother Res. 2000 Aug;14(5):375-7.

31.Chen Y, Sorensen LK.(2000)Determination of marker constituents in radix Glycyrrhizae and radix Notoginseng by near infrared spectroscopy. Fresenius J Anal Chem. 2000 Jul;367(5):491-6.

32.Wen J, Nowicke JW.(1999)Pollen ultrastructure of Panax(the ginseng genus, Araliaceae),an eastern Asian and eastern NorthAmerican disjunct genus. Am J Bot. 1999 Nov;86(11):1624.

33.Konoshima T, Takasaki M, Tokuda H.(1999)Anti-carcinogenic activity of the roots of Panax notoginseng . II. Biol Pharm Bull. 1999 Oct;22(10):1150-2.

34.Ngan F, Shaw P, But P, Wang J.(1999)Molecular authentication of Panax species. Phytochemistry. 1999 Mar;50(5):787-91.

35.Bei L, Hu T, Qian ZM, Shen X.(1998)Extracellular Ca2+ regulates the respiratory burst of human neutrophils. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Sep 16;1404(3):475-83.

36.Zhang WJ, Wojta J, Binder BR.(1997)Effect of notoginsenoside R1 on the synthesis of components of the fibrinolytic system in cultured smooth muscle cells of human pulmonary artery. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 1997 Jun;43(4):581-7.

37.Yoshikawa M, Murakami T, Ueno T, Yashiro K, Hirokawa N, Murakami N, Yamahara J, Matsuda H, Saijoh R, Tanaka O.(1997)Bioactive saponins and glycosides. VIII. Notoginseng (1): new dammarane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, notoginsenosides-A, -B, -C, and -D, from the dried root of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen.Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1997 Jun;45(6):1039-45.

38.Wen J, Zimmer EA.(1996)Phylogeny and biogeography of Panax L. (the ginseng genus, araliaceae): inferences from ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 1996 Oct;6(2):167-77.

39.Gao H, Wang F, Lien EJ, Trousdale MD.(1996)Immunostimulating polysaccharides from Panax notoginseng . Pharm Res. 1996 Aug;13(8):1196-200.

40.Kwan CY.(1995)Vascular effects of selected antihypertensive drugs derived from traditional medicinal herbs. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Suppl. 1995 Dec;22(1):S297-9.

41.Shaw PC, But PP.(1995)Authentication of Panax species and their adulterants by random-primed polymerase chain reaction. Planta Med. 1995 Oct;61(5):466-9.

42.Zhang W, Wojta J, Binder BR.(1994)Effect of notoginsenoside R1 on the synthesis of tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994 Jul;14(7):1040-6.

43.Liu J, Liu Y, Klaassen CD.(1994)The effect of Chinese hepatoprotective medicines on experimental liver injury in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 1994 May;42(3):183-91.

44.Leung AW, Mo ZX, Zheng YS.(1991)Reduction of cellular damage induced by cerebral ischemia in rats. Neurochem Res. 1991 Jun;16(6):517-92.

45.Lei XL, Chiou GC.(1986)Cardiovascular pharmacology of Panax notoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen and Salvia miltiorrhiza. Am J Chin Med. 1986;14(3-4):145-52.

46.華民國行政院衛生署中華藥典編修委員會中藥集小組，（2003）中華中藥典，中華民國行政院衛生署。(Traditional Chinese)

47.徐良，中國GAP藥材與中藥現代化開發指南：中國名貴藥材規範化栽培與產業化開發新技術（2001），中華人民共和國協和醫科大學出版社。(Simple Chinese)

48.呂俠卿，中藥鑑別大全（2002），中華人民共和國湖南科學技術出版社。 (Simple Chinese)

49.鄭漢臣，中國食用本草-植物卷（2003），中華人民共和國上海辭書出版社。 (Simple Chinese)

50.原思通，醫用中藥飲片學（2001），中華人民共和國人民衛生出版社。 (Simple Chinese)

51.明-李時珍，本草綱目（校點本第二冊）第一版，中華人民共和國人民衛生出版社。 (Simple Chinese)

52.江蘇新醫學院，中藥大辭典（1999），上海科學技術出版社。 (Simple Chinese)

53 . Qin Shi, Qi Hao, Julien Bouissac, Yang Lu, Songjiu Tian and Bang Luu .(2005)Ginsenoside-Rd from Panax notoginseng enhances astrocyte differentiation from neural stem cells. Life Sciences, Volume 76, Issue 9, 14 January 2005 , Pages 983-995

54 . He K, Liu Y, Yang Y, Li P, Yang L.(2005) A dammarane glycoside derived from ginsenoside rb(3). Chem Pharm Bull ( Tokyo ). 2005 Feb;53(2):177-9.

55 . Liang MT , Podolka TD, Chuang WJ.(2005) Panax notoginseng supplementation enhances physical performance during endurance exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2005 Feb;19(1):108-14.

56 . Park WH, Lee SK, Kim CH.(2005) A Korean herbal medicine, Panax notoginseng , prevents liver fibrosis and hepatic microvascular dysfunction in rats. Life Sci. 2005 Feb 25;76(15):1675-90. Epub 2005 Jan 26.

57 . Koh HL, Lau AJ, Chan EC. (2005) Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of underivatized dencichine (beta-N-oxalyl-L-alpha,beta-diaminopropionic acid) in Panax medicinal plant species. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2005;19(10):1237-44.

58 .Zhu Y, Pettolino F, Mau SL, Bacic A. (2005) Characterization of cell wall polysaccharides from the medicinal plant Panax notoginseng. Phytochemistry. 2005 May;66(9):1067-76.

59 . Zhang Y, Ye QF, Lu L, Xu XL, Ming YZ, Xiao JS. (2005) Panax notoginseng saponins preconditioning protects rat liver grafts from ischemia/reperfusion injury via an antiapoptotic pathway. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2005 May;4(2):207-12.

60 . Li L, Zhang JL, Sheng YX, Guo DA, Wang Q, Guo HZ. (2005) Simultaneous quantification of six major active saponins of Panax notoginseng by high-performance liquid chromatography-UV method. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2005 Jun 1;38(1):45-51.

61 . 中華人民共和國國家藥典委員會，中華人民共和國藥典ㄧ部 (2005) ，化學工業出版社

62 . Zhou W , Chai H , Lin PH , Lumsden AB , Yao Q , Chen C . (2005) Ginsenoside Rb1 blocks homocysteine-induced endothelial dysfunction in porcine coronary arteries. J Vasc Surg. 2005 May;41(5):861-8.

63 . Radad K , Gille G , Moldzio R , Saito H , Rausch WD . (2004) Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 effects on mesencephalic dopaminergic cells stressed with glutamate. Brain Res. 2004 Sep 17;1021(1):41-53.

64 . Jeong CS , Hyun JE , Kim YS . (2003) Ginsenoside Rb1: the anti-ulcer constituent from the head of Panax ginseng. Arch Pharm Res. 2003 Nov;26(11):906-11.

65 . Liu P , Xu Y , Yin H , Wang J , Chen K , Li Y . (2005) Developmental toxicity research of ginsenoside Rb1 using a whole mouse embryo culture model. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2005 Apr;74(2):207-9.

66 . Chan LY , Chiu PY , Lau TK . (2003) An in-vitro study of ginsenoside Rb1-induced teratogenicity using a whole rat embryo culture model. Hum Reprod. 2003 Oct;18(10):2166-8.

67 . Churchill JD , Gerson JL , Hinton KA , Mifek JL , Walter MJ , Winslow CL , Deyo RA . (2002) The nootropic properties of ginseng saponin Rb1 are linked to effects on anxiety. Integr Physiol Behav Sci. 2002 Jul-Sep;37(3):178-87.

68 . Park KH , Shin HJ , Song YB , Hyun HC , Cho HJ , Ham HS , Yoo YB , Ko YC , Jun WT , Park HJ . (2002) Possible role of ginsenoside Rb1 on regulation of rat liver triglycerides. Biol Pharm Bull. 2002 Apr;25(4):457-60.

69 . Guan L , Li W , Liu Z . (2002) Effect of ginsenoside-Rb1 on cardiomyocyte apoptosis after ischemia and reperfusion in rats. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2002;22(3):212-5.

70 . Mook-Jung I , Hong HS , Boo JH , Lee KH , Yun SH , Cheong MY , Joo I , Huh K , Jung MW . (2001) Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 improve spatial learning and increase hippocampal synaptophysin level in mice. J Neurosci Res. 2001 Mar 15;63(6):509-15.

71 . Kim YC , Kim SR , Markelonis GJ , Oh TH . (1998) Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg3 protect cultured rat cortical cells from glutamate-induced neurodegeneration. J Neurosci Res. 1998 Aug 15;53(4):426-32.

72 . Lim JH , Wen TC , Matsuda S , Tanaka J , Maeda N , Peng H , Aburaya J , Ishihara K , Sakanaka M . (1997) Protection of ischemic hippocampal neurons by ginsenoside Rb1, a main ingredient of ginseng root. Neurosci Res. 1997 Jul;28(3):191-200.

73 . Zhang YG , Liu TP . (1996) Influences of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on reversible focal brain ischemia in rats. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao. 1996 Jan;17(1):44-8.

74 . Choi S . (2002) Epidermis proliferative effect of the Panax ginseng ginsenoside Rb2. Arch Pharm Res. 2002 Feb;25(1):71-6.

75 . Fujimoto J , Sakaguchi H , Aoki I , Toyoki H , Khatun S , Tamaya T . (2001) Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside-Rb2 on invasiveness of uterine endometrial cancer cells to the basement membrane. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2001;22(5):339-41.

76 . Xu BB , Liu CQ , Gao X , Zhang WQ , Wang SW , Cao YL . (2005) Possible mechanisms of the protection of ginsenoside Re against MPTP-induced apoptosis in substantia nigra neurons of Parkinson's disease mouse model. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2005 Jun;7(3):215-24.

77 . Huang YC , Chen CT , Chen SC , Lai PH , Liang HC , Chang Y , Yu LC , Sung HW . (2005) A natural compound (ginsenoside Re) isolated from Panax ginseng as a novel angiogenic agent for tissue regeneration. Pharm Res. 2005 Apr;22(4):636-46. Epub 2005 Apr 7.

78 . Liu Z , Li Z , Liu X . (2002) Effect of ginsenoside Re on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2/Bax gene after ischemia and reperfusion in rats. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2002;22(4):305-9.

79 . Liang HC , Chen CT , Chang Y , Huang YC , Chen SC , Sung HW . (2005) Loading of a novel angiogenic agent, ginsenoside Rg 1 in an acellular biological tissue for tissue regeneration. Tissue Eng. 2005 May-Jun;11(5-6):835-46.

80 . Cheng Y , Shen LH , Zhang JT . (2005) Anti-amnestic and anti-aging effects of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 and its mechanism of action. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2005 Feb;26(2):143-9.

81 . Chen XC , Zhou YC , Chen Y , Zhu YG , Fang F , Chen LM . (2005) Ginsenoside Rg1 reduces MPTP-induced substantia nigra neuron loss by suppressing oxidative stress. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2005 Jan;26(1):56-62.

82 . Shen LH , Zhang JT . (2004) Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells. Neurol Res. 2004 Jun;26(4):422-8.

83 . Lee EJ , Ko E , Lee J , Rho S , Ko S , Shin MK , Min BI , Hong MC , Kim SY , Bae H . (2004) Ginsenoside Rg1 enhances CD4(+) T-cell activities and modulates Th1/Th2 differentiation. Int Immunopharmacol. 2004 Feb;4(2):235-44.

84 . Chen XC , Fang F , Zhu YG , Chen LM , Zhou YC , Chen Y . (2003) Protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on MPP+-induced apoptosis in SHSY5Y cells. J Neural Transm. 2003 Aug;110(8):835-45.

85 . Chan RY , Chen WF , Dong A , Guo D , Wong MS . (2002) Estrogen-like activity of ginsenoside Rg1 derived from Panax notoginseng. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Aug;87(8):3691-5.

86 . Liao B , Newmark H , Zhou R . (2002) Neuroprotective effects of ginseng total saponin and ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on spinal cord neurons in vitro. Exp Neurol. 2002 Feb;173(2):224-34.

87 . Wang XY , Zhang JT . (2001) NO mediates ginsenoside Rg1-induced long-term potentiation in anesthetized rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2001 Dec;22(12):1099-102.

88 . Rudakewich M , Ba F , Benishin CG . (2001) Neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions of ginsenosides Rb(1) and Rg(1). Planta Med. 2001 Aug;67(6):533-7.

89 . Li J , Zhang J . (1997) Inhibition of apoptosis by ginsenoside Rg 1 in cultured cortical neurons. Chin Med J (Engl). 1997 Jul;110(7):535-9.

90 . Zhang JT , Qu ZW , Liu Y , Deng HL . (1990) Preliminary study on antiamnestic mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1. Chin Med J (Engl). 1990 Nov;103(11):932-8.

91 . Tian JM , Li H , Ye JM , Guo WF , Li LY , Wang LP . (2003) Effect of ginsenoside Rg2 on chemical myocardial ischemia in rats . Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2003 Dec;28(12):1191-2. (Chinese)

92 . Park EK , Choo MK , Han MJ , Kim DH . (2004) Ginsenoside Rh1 possesses antiallergic and anti-inflammatory activities. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2004 Feb;133(2):113-20. Epub 2004 Jan 21.

93 . 宋小妹，唐志書；中藥化學成分提取分離與製備 (2004) ；人民衛生出版社 (Simple Chinese) 。

94 . Zhu S , Zou K , Cai S , Meselhy MR , Komatsu K . (2004) Simultaneous determination of triterpene saponins in ginseng drugs by high-performance liquid chromatography. Chem Pharm Bull ( Tokyo ). 2004 Aug;52(8):995-8. 

95 . 季宇彬、張翠，中藥抗衰老有效成分藥理與應用 (2004) ，黑龍江科技出版社。

96 . Yang HY , Liu JC , Chen YL , Chen CH , Lin H , Lin JW , Chiu WT , Chen JJ , Cheng TH . (2005) Inhibitory effect of trilinolein on endothelin-1-induced c-fos gene expression in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2005 Sep 24;:1-8

97 . Wang ZJ , Nie BM , Chen HZ , Lu Y . (2005) Panaxynol induces neurite outgrowth in PC12D cells via cAMP- and MAP kinase-dependent mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact. 2005 Oct 8

98 . Rhule A, Navarro S, Smith JR, Shepherd DM.(2006) Panax notoginseng attenuates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 cells. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Jun 15;106(1):121-8. Epub 2006 Jan 19.

99 . Ohashi R, Yan S, Mu H, Chai H, Yao Q, Lin PH, Chen C.(2005) Effects of Homocysteine and Ginsenoside Rb1 on Endothelial Proliferation and Superoxide Anion Production. J Surg Res. 2005 Nov 2

100 .Wan JB, Lai CM, Li SP, Lee MY, Kong LY, Wang YT.(2006) Simultaneous determination of nine saponins from Panax notoginseng using HPLC and pressurized liquid extraction. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2006 Apr 11;41(1):274-9. Epub 2005 Nov 28.

101 . Ma ZC, Gao Y, Wang J, Zhang XM, Wang SQ.(2006) Proteomic analysis effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Life Sci. 2006 Jun 6;79(2):175-81. Epub 2006 Feb 17.

102 . Xie JT, Shao ZH, Vanden Hoek TL, Chang WT, Li J, Mehendale S, Wang CZ, Hsu CW, Becker LB, Yin JJ, Yuan CS.(2006) Antioxidant effects of ginsenoside Re in cardiomyocytes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Feb 27;532(3):201-7. Epub 2006 Feb 21.

103 .謝培山，中藥色譜指紋圖譜(2005)，人民衛生出版社。        

104 . Nie BM, Yang LM, Fu SL, Jiang XY, Lu PH, Lu Y.(2006) Protective effect of panaxydol and panaxynol on sodium nitroprusside-induced apoptosis in cortical neurons. Chem Biol Interact. 2006 Apr 15;160(3):225-31. Epub 2006 Mar 10.

 105 .Zhang HS, Wang SQ.(2006) Notoginsenoside R1 inhibits TNF-alpha-induced fibronectin production in smooth muscle cells via the ROS/ERK pathway. Free Radic Biol Med. 2006 May 1;40(9):1664-74. Epub 2006 Jan 26.

 106 . Chen F, Eckman EA, Eckman CB. (2006)Reductions in levels of the Alzheimer's amyloid {beta} peptide after oral administration of ginsenosides. FASEB J. 2006 Apr 24

107 . Min HAN, Xiao-ling FANG1(2006) Difference in oral absorption of ginsenoside Rg1

between in vitro and in vivo modelsActa Pharmacologica Sinica 2006 Apr; 27 (4): 499–505

108 . Lie Li, Yu-Xin Sheng, Jin-Lan Zhang, Shan-Shan Wang and De-An Guo(2006) High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the active saponins from Panax notoginseng in rat tissuesBiomed. Chromatogr. 20: 327–335 (2006)

109 . E. Rivera , F. Ekholm Pettersson , M. Ingan¨as , S. Paulie , K.-O. Gr¨onvik(2005) The Rb1 fraction of ginseng elicits a balanced Th1 and Th2 immune responseVaccine 23 (2005) 5411–5419

110 . Jing-Tian Xie, Sangeeta R. Mehendale, Xinmin Lie, Richard Quigg, Xiaoyu Wang, Chong-Zhi Wang, Ji An Wu, Han H. Aung, Paul A. Rue,Graeme I. Bell, Chun-Su Yuan(2005) Anti-diabetic effect of ginsenoside Re in ob/ob mice Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1740 (2005) 319– 325

111 .Zhu S, Zou K, Fushimi H, Cai S, Komatsu K. (2004)Comparative study on triterpene saponins of Ginseng drugs. Planta Med. 2004 Jul;70(7):666-77.

112 .Becker LB, Yin JJ, Yuan CS.(2006) Antioxidant effects of ginsenoside Re in cardiomyocytes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Feb 27;532(3):201-7. Epub 2006 Feb 21